Bromelain has been available as a therapeutic since 1957 for treatment of sinusitis, athletic injuries, phlebitis, digestive problems, and aiding healing after surgery.

It has also been used for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain, although there had been no controlled studies to verify its effect. That changed in 2002 with the publication of a study in the International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology.

That study investigated how bromelain impacted mild knee pain that had lasted for less than 3 months. 318 volunteers from the UK, 77 of whom were ultimately selected, were recruited by way of magazine and newspaper articles.

The study group consisted of 22 men and 55 women, between the ages of 25 and 50 years of age. The group excluded any who were already taking anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs, or those who had undergone any type of knee surgery. Pregnant and lactating women were also excluded.

The volunteers were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) prior to, and at the conclusion of the 30 day trial. 43 participants were given a dose of 200 mg of bromelain per day. The remaining 34 were given 400 mg per day.

After 1 month, the lower dose group reported a 44.6% decrease in pain as measured by the WOMAC. The higher dose group experienced a 58.2% reduction in pain. The final comprehensive score, which reflects pain, stiffness and physical function, were reduced by 41% and 59% respectively. In addition, the higher dose group also showed a 19.2% improvement in general well being scores (anxiety, depression, well being, self control, general health and vitality).

The highest concentrations are in the stem of the pineapple. There is some in the fruit itself, but the concentration is too low to provide any benefit. Commercial supplements containing bromelain are widely available.

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