Another of these foods that has been researched in recent years is tart red cherries.

A study conducted in 2003 by the University of California, Davis was the first to test for key inflammatory indicators, called markers, in blood samples from healthy people. Prior studies had analyzed sweet and tart cherry extracts in test tubes.

The primary focus of the investigation was gout, which results from the body’s inability to excrete uric acid. This excess uric acid forms crystals which settle in joints, primarily the big toe, and cause severe pain. The precursor of these crystals is urate and it was the blood plasma urate level that was being measured. They also measured the amount of urate removed from the body through urine.

There were 10 women is this study who were 22 to 40 years of age. They were given instructions not to eat strawberries or other fruits and vegetables, or drink red wine or tea for 2 days prior to the test because these foods are high in antioxidants and the researchers did not want these to interfere with the results of the cherry analysis.

On the day of the test they were given 45 pitted fresh cherries for breakfast. Blood and urine samples were then taken at 1-1/2, 3 and 5 hours afterward.

The results showed that their plasma urate levels were significantly reduced over the 5 hours following the breakfast. Likewise, the level of urate removed through the urine increased over those 5 hours.

There were other inflammation markers the researchers looked for. These include C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF).

CRP is produced in the liver and increases rapidly during inflammation. Normal levels are extremely low. TNF alpha is produced by the body when fighting tumors and may increase inflammation. NO is a biochemical that is believed to cause damage to arthritic joints.

Results from the blood draw 3 hours after eating the cherries showed that levels of CRP and NO were lower than at the start of the test. However, the TNF alpha level was unchanged.

A follow up study, which included 18 women and 2 men, was conducted over a longer period. This group was asked to consume the same amount of cherries as the earlier group, but throughout the day for 28 consecutive days.

This study reported a 25% decrease in CRP by the 28th day and an 18% decrease in NO after 21 days. The report concluded that, “supplementing the diets of healthy men and women with cherries reduced the serum/plasma concentrations of some markers of inflammation, whereas circulating concentrations of many other markers of inflammation, lipids and their subfractions, and particle sizes were not affected. The anti-inflammatory effects of cherries may be of clinical significance and should be investigated in further studies. “

Originally posted 2008-09-26 21:48:29. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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British researchers report in the July 17 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine about the case of a 69 year old female ex-smoker who was being treated for Crohn’s disease with anti-TNF medications. During this time she developed lung cancer. After stopping the medication, the researchers discovered that the cancer disappeared.

A theory being considered is that the woman, who had been a heavy smoker for 35 years, had an immune system that kept the cancer in check. But the anti-TNF treatments may have weakened her immune system which allowed the cancer to develop.

According to co-author Jack Satsangi, professor of gastroenterology at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, the woman’s lung cancer “was expected to be fatal within months.” After stopping the anti-TNF treatments “the cancer has completely regressed – and she is health more than two years after.”

“This is most remarkable, and adds to the concerns regarding the use of these agents, and we do not use these drugs in patients with heavy smoking histories,” Satsangi said.

Researchers have seen an association between TNF medications and lung cancer, particularly in ex-smokers. There are also concerns about these drugs and the development of other cancers, such as lymphoma.

“There is an underlying concern about the use of these drugs and the possible increase of certain kinds of cancer,” said Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society. “This report raises the awareness that doctors and patients have to have in using these drugs. We certainly need to be more vigilant about lung cancer in patients who get these treatments.”

Originally posted 2008-07-17 23:01:45. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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The FDA has received 30 reports of cancer in children under the age of 18 who had been treated for JIA with anti-TNF drugs along with other medications, such as methotrexate, or similar immunosuppressant drugs.

Nearly 50% of the reports state the patients developed Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The other reports indicate development of melanoma, leukemia and solid organ cancers.

Besides rheumatoid arthritis, TNF blockers are used to treat psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, plaque psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, as well as other diseases. TNF blockers are know to result in inflammation and weakening of the immune system.

The manufacturers of these drugs have been directed by the FDA to provide information about all TNF blocker recipients who have developed cancer, and in some cases to track cancer reports for 10 years. The FDA has also requested the assistance of medical professionals and patients in reporting any side effects from TNF blockers through the MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program at www.fda.gov/medwatch/report.htm.

Originally posted 2008-06-06 22:25:05. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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RA stiffness and pain is caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), which peak during the night. Cytokines are molecules, such as hormones, that allow for communication between cells. Lodotra™ is a low dose prednisone tablet that interferes with the ability of IL-6 to cause inflammation.

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid, a class of drugs that are used to suppress inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic disorders by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The novel part of the drug is that is in a class known as circadian cytokine modulator (CCM) which is taken at bedtime. The prednisone is released approximately 4 hours later and suppresses the night time pro-inflammatory cytokines. This results in reduction in early morning RA stiffness and pain.

Phase III studies on Lodotra™ were conducted on 288 patients in 26 European centers. The primary goal of the studies was the measure the improvement in morning stiffness. The results were published in the British medical journal The Lancet.

Nitec will next be seeking approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is conducting another round of Phase II trials in support of that. Since prednisone is also used for treatment of other conditions, such as asthma and polymyalgia rheumatica, Nitec will conduct further studies aimed at approval of Lodotra™ for those conditions.

Originally posted 2009-01-08 13:05:50. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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